BACTERIAL DISEASES
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS Pathogen:- Mycobacterium tuberculae Incubation Period:- 2-10 weeks Symptoms:-Coughing; chest pain and bloody sputum with tuberculin. Epidemiology:-Airborne & Droplet infection Therapy/ Prophylaxis:-Streptomycin,para-amino salicylic acid, rifampicin etc./ BCG vaccine Isolation, Healtheducation DIPHTHERIA Pathogen:- Corynebacterium diphtheriae Incubation Period:- 2-6 days Symptoms:-Inflammation of mucosa of nasal chamber, throat etc. respiratory tract blocked. Epidemiology:-Airborne & Droplet infection Therapy/ Prophylaxis:-Diphtheria antitoxins, Penicillin, Erythromycin/ DPT vaccine CHOLERA:- Pathogen:- Vibrio cholerae Incubation Period:-6 hours to 2 – 3 days Symptoms:-Acute diarrhoea & dehydration. Epidemiology:-Direct & oral (with contaminated food & water) Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Oralrehydration therapy & tetracycline/ Sanitation, boiling of water &cholera vaccine Leprosy:- Pathogen:-Mycobacterium leprae Incubation Period:- 2-5 years Symptoms:-Skin hypopigmentation, nodulated skin, deformity of fingers & toes. Lepromin in skin tests. Epidemiology:-lowest infectious & contagious Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Dapsone, rifampicin, Clofazimine./ Isolation Pertussis(Whooping Cough):- Pathogen:-Bordetella pertussis Incubation period:- 7-14 days Symptoms:-Whoops during inspiration Epidemiology:-Contagious & Droplet infection Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Erythromycin / DPT vaccine Tetanus(Lock Jaw):- Pathogen:-Clostridium tetani Incubation Period:- 3-21 days Symptoms:-Degeneration of motor neurons, rigid jaw muscles, spasm and paralysis Epidemiology:-Through injury Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Tetanus- antitoxins. / ATS and DPT vaccines. Gonorrhoea:- Pathogen:- Neisseria gonorrhoeae Incubation Period:- 2-10 days Symptoms:- Inflammation of urinogenital tract. Epidemiology:- Sexual transmission Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Penicillin & Ampicillin / Avoid prostitution Syphilis:- Pathogen:-Treponema pallidum Incubation period:-3 weeks Symptoms:-Inflammation of urinogenital tract. Epidemiology:-Sexual transmission Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Tetracycline & penicillin. / Avoid prostitution Viral Disease:-Chickenpox(Varicella): Pathogen – Herpes-zoster virus (DNA- virus) Epidemiology – Contagious & Formite borne Incubation Period – 12-20 days Symptoms – Dark red coloured rash or pox changing into vesicles, crusts and falling. Prophylaxis – Now vaccine available, isolation. Therapy – Zoster Immunoglobulins (ZIG). 2. Smallpox(Variolla):- Pathogen – Variola-virus (DNA-Virus) Epidemiology – Contagious & Droplet infection Incubation Period – 12-days Symptoms – Appearance of rash changing into pustules, scabs and falling. Prophylaxis – Smallpox vaccine. Therapy – No case reported after 1978. 3.Poliomyelitis:- Pathogen – Polio-virus (RNA-virus) Epidemiology – Direct & oral Incubation Period – 7-14 days Symptoms – Damages motor neurons causing stiffness of neck, convulsion, paralysis of generally legs. Prophylaxis – ‘Salk’ vaccine and Oral Polio vaccine. Therapy – Physiotherapy. 4. Measles(Rubeolla Disease):- Pathogen – Rubeolla-virus (RNA-virus) Epidemiology – Contagious & Droplet infection Incubation Period – 10 days Symptoms – Rubeolla (skin eruptions), coughing, sneezing etc. Prophylaxis – Edmonston- B-vaccine, isolation Therapy – Antibiotics & sulpha drugs. 5. Mumps:- Pathogen – Mumps-virus (RNA-virus) Epidemiology – Contagious & Droplet infection Incubation Period – 12-26 days Symptoms – Painful enlargement of parotid salivary glands. Prophylaxis – Mumps- vaccine isolation Therapy – Antibiotics. 6. Rabies(Hydrophobia) Pathogen – Rabies-virus (RNA-virus) Epidemiology – Indirect & inoculative (vectors are rabid animals monkeys, cats, dogs) Incubation Period – 10 days to 1- 3 months Symptoms – Spasm of throat & chest muscles, fears from water, paralysis and death. Prophylaxis – Immunization of dogs. Therapy – Pasteur- treatment (14 vaccines in stomach). 7.Trachoma:- Pathogen – Chlamydia trachomatis Epidemiology – Contagious, formite-borne and flies (vectors) Incubation Period – 5-12 days Symptoms – Inflammation of conjunctiva & cornea leading to blindness. Prophylaxis – Isolation Therapy – Tetracycline & sulfonamide. 8.Influenza(Flu):- Pathogen – Myxovirus influenzae (RNA-virus) Epidemiology – Air borne and pandemic Incubation Period – 24-48 Hours Lasts for 4-5 days Symptoms – Bronchitis, sneezing bronchopneumonia, leucopenia, coughing, etc. Prophylaxis – Isolation. Therapy – Antibiotic therapy. 9.Hepatitis(Epidemic Jaundice):- Pathogen – Hepatitis-B virus Epidemiology – Direct & oral (with food and water) Incubation Period – 20-35 days Symptoms – Damage to liver cells releasing bilirubin which causes jaundice. Prophylaxis – Proper sanitation proper coverage of food, water, milk etc. use of chlorinated or boiled water, etc. Therapy – Hepatitis-B vaccine.