PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS :-
Pathogen:- Mycobacterium tuberculae
Incubation Period:- 2-10 weeks
Symptoms:-Coughing; chest pain and bloody sputum with tuberculin.
Epidemiology:-Airborne & Droplet infection
Therapy/ Prophylaxis:-Streptomycin,
para-amino salicylic acid, rifampicin etc./ BCG vaccine Isolation, Health
education
DIPHTHERIA:-
Pathogen:- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Incubation Period:- 2-6 days
Symptoms:-Inflammation of mucosa of nasal chamber, throat etc. respiratory tract blocked.
Epidemiology:-Airborne & Droplet infection
Therapy/ Prophylaxis:-Diphtheria antitoxins, Penicillin, Erythromycin/ DPT vaccine
CHOLERA:-
Pathogen:- Vibrio cholerae
Incubation Period:-6 hours to 2 – 3 days
Symptoms:-Acute diarrhoea & dehydration.
Epidemiology:-Direct & oral (with contaminated food & water)
Therapy/Prophylaxis:–Oral
rehydration therapy & tetracycline/ Sanitation, boiling of water &
cholera vaccine
Leprosy:-
Pathogen:-Mycobacterium leprae
Incubation Period:- 2-5 years
Symptoms:-Skin hypopigmentation, nodulated skin, deformity of fingers & toes. Lepromin in skin tests.
Epidemiology:-lowest infectious & contagious
Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Dapsone, rifampicin, Clofazimine./ Isolation
Pertussis(Whooping Cough):-
Pathogen:-Bordetella pertussis
Incubation period:- 7-14 days
Symptoms:-Whoops during inspiration
Epidemiology:-Contagious & Droplet infection
Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Erythromycin
/ DPT vaccine
Tetanus(Lock Jaw):-
Pathogen:-Clostridium tetani
Incubation Period:- 3-21 days
Symptoms:-Degeneration of motor neurons, rigid jaw muscles, spasm and paralysis
Epidemiology:-Through injury
Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Tetanus- antitoxins. / ATS and DPT vaccines.
Gonorrhoea:-
Pathogen:- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Incubation Period:- 2-10 days
Symptoms:- Inflammation of urinogenital tract.
Epidemiology:- Sexual transmission
Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Penicillin
& Ampicillin / Avoid prostitution
Syphilis:-
Pathogen:-Treponema pallidum
Incubation period:-3 weeks
Symptoms:-Inflammation of urinogenital tract.
Epidemiology:-Sexual transmission
Therapy/Prophylaxis:-Tetracycline & penicillin. / Avoid prostitution
Viral Disease:-
Chickenpox(Varicella):
Pathogen – Herpes-zoster virus (DNA- virus)
Epidemiology – Contagious & Formite borne
Incubation Period – 12-20 days
Symptoms – Dark red coloured rash or pox changing into vesicles, crusts and falling.
Prophylaxis – Now vaccine available, isolation.
Therapy – Zoster Immunoglobulins (ZIG).
2. Smallpox(Variolla):-
Pathogen – Variola-virus (DNA-Virus)
Epidemiology – Contagious & Droplet infection
Incubation Period – 12-days
Symptoms – Appearance of rash changing into pustules, scabs and falling.
Prophylaxis – Smallpox vaccine.
Therapy – No case reported after 1978.
3.Poliomyelitis:-
Pathogen – Polio-virus (RNA-virus)
Epidemiology – Direct & oral
Incubation Period – 7-14 days
Symptoms – Damages motor neurons causing stiffness of neck, convulsion, paralysis of generally legs.
Prophylaxis – ‘Salk’ vaccine and Oral Polio vaccine.
Therapy – Physiotherapy.
4. Measles(Rubeolla Disease):-
Pathogen – Rubeolla-virus (RNA-virus)
Epidemiology – Contagious & Droplet infection
Incubation Period – 10 days
Symptoms – Rubeolla (skin eruptions), coughing, sneezing etc.
Prophylaxis – Edmonston- B-vaccine, isolation
Therapy – Antibiotics & sulpha drugs.
5. Mumps:-
Pathogen – Mumps-virus (RNA-virus)
Epidemiology – Contagious & Droplet infection
Incubation Period – 12-26 days
Symptoms – Painful enlargement of parotid salivary glands.
Prophylaxis – Mumps- vaccine isolation
Therapy – Antibiotics.
6. Rabies(Hydrophobia)
Pathogen – Rabies-virus (RNA-virus)
Epidemiology – Indirect & inoculative (vectors are rabid animals monkeys, cats, dogs)
Incubation Period – 10 days to 1- 3 months
Symptoms – Spasm of throat & chest muscles, fears from water, paralysis and death.
Prophylaxis – Immunization of dogs.
Therapy – Pasteur- treatment (14 vaccines in stomach).
7.Trachoma:-
Pathogen – Chlamydia trachomatis
Epidemiology – Contagious, formite-borne and flies (vectors)
Incubation Period – 5-12 days
Symptoms – Inflammation of conjunctiva & cornea leading to blindness.
Prophylaxis – Isolation
Therapy – Tetracycline & sulfonamide.
8.Influenza(Flu):-
Pathogen – Myxovirus influenzae (RNA-virus)
Epidemiology – Air borne and pandemic
Incubation Period – 24-48 Hours Lasts for 4-5 days
Symptoms – Bronchitis, sneezing bronchopneumonia, leucopenia, coughing, etc.
Prophylaxis – Isolation.
Therapy – Antibiotic therapy.
9.Hepatitis(Epidemic Jaundice):-
Pathogen – Hepatitis-B virus
Epidemiology – Direct & oral (with food and water)
Incubation Period – 20-35 days
Symptoms – Damage to liver cells releasing bilirubin which causes jaundice.
Prophylaxis – Proper sanitation proper coverage of food, water, milk etc. use of chlorinated or boiled water, etc.
Therapy – Hepatitis-B vaccine.